STEEL’S Capstone Product - Why Choose ADA BOLIC

Formulated by STEEL founder Jason Huh, ADA BOLIC is composed of over 30 ingredients in the exact ratios utilized by Jason and his athletes, both male and female.

This pre, intra & post-workout formulation is a must-have recovery aid for any fitness enthusiast seeking increased performance and recovery to blast through plateaus and transform their body.

Formulated with precision to take advantage of your body's physiological insulin response. 

ADA BOLIC is formulated with 12g of carbs because it takes 11g to get an insulin response, getting you to an anabolic state as quickly as possible. By using 12g of carbs, more nutrients are quickly shuttled into the muscles for explosive growth.

 Benefits of ADA BOLIC

• - Stimulant free pre-workout
• - Restores muscle glycogen
• - Increases muscle tone & hardness
• - Recovery time accelerator
• - Maximizes endurance & power
• - Reduce overall fatigue

Here is a detailed breakdown of the powerful combination of ingredients in ADA BOLIC:

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C):  Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant that can strengthen your body’s natural defenses. This water-soluble vitamin is linked to many impressive health benefits, and has a multitude of roles in the body. It is an essential nutrient, meaning it can’t be produced by the body, but is necessary for proper health. It's easily obtained from many fruits and vegetables including: oranges, strawberries, kiwi fruit, bell peppers, broccoli, kale, and spinach. 

Here are 7 scientifically-proven benefits of taking vitamin C:

1. Strong antioxidant that may reduce the risk of chronic diseases.  Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant that can boost your blood antioxidant levels. This may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease.
2. May help lower high blood pressure. Vitamin C supplements have been found to lower blood pressure in adults with high blood pressure, as well as healthy adults. 
3. Fights heart disease risk factors. Vitamin C supplements have been linked to a reduced risk of heart disease. These supplements may lower heart disease risk factors, including “bad” LDL cholesterol and blood triglycerides.
4. It could reduce blood uric acid levels to prevent gout attacks.  Vitamin C-rich foods and supplements have been linked to reduced blood uric acid levels and a lowered risk of gout.
5. It helps prevent iron deficiencies by improving iron absorption. Vitamin C can improve the absorption of iron that is poorly absorbed, such as iron from meat-free sources. It may also reduce the risk of iron deficiency.
6. Boosts immunity by aiding white blood cell function. Vitamin C may boost immunity by helping white blood cells function more effectively, strengthening your skin’s defense system and improving wound healing. 
7. Protects your memory and cognition as you age.  Low vitamin C levels have been linked to an increased risk of memory disorders like dementia. Conversely, a high intake of vitamin C from foods and supplements has been shown to have a protective effect.

Biotin (Vitamin H): Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin that’s a part of the vitamin B family. It’s also known as Vitamin H.

Your body needs biotin to help convert certain nutrients into energy, and it plays an important role in the health of your hair, skin, and nails. Biotin is one of several B vitamins that supports a healthy metabolism by converting glucose from carbohydrates into energy. Additionally, Biotin aids amino acids in carrying out normal bodily functions.

Biotin is also thought to:

• - Reduce inflammation
• - Improve cognitive function
• - Help lower blood sugar in people with diabetes
• - Increase “good” HDL cholesterol and decrease “bad” LDL cholesterol

d-Calcium Pantothenate (Vitamin B5): Vitamin B5, or pantothenic acid, is involved in many different functions of the body. It helps convert food into energy and improves the body’s utilization of proteins and fats.

Vitamin B5 is important for the immune, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems; it is a precursor for coenzyme A (CoA), which many different enzymatic pathways in the body need.

Vitamin B5 highlights: B vitamins are also needed for:

• - Immune and nervous system function
• - Aids metabolism of fats and carbohydrates
• - Balances cholesterol levels
• - May reduce stress

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3): Niacinamide is one form of vitamin B3 (niacin) which plays an important role in energy metabolism and cell health.

Niacinamide is found primarily in animal-based products and is the preferred form of vitamin B3 for treating pellagra. 

Niacinamide may benefit those with certain skin conditions and reduce the risk of melanoma in high-risk individuals. It may also be useful for people with chronic kidney disease and, to a lesser extent, type 1 diabetes.

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6): Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is a water-soluble vitamin necessary for several functions. Your body cannot produce vitamin B6, so you must obtain it from foods or supplements.

It’s significant to protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism as well as the creation of red blood cells and neurotransmitters. Consuming adequate amounts of vitamin B6 is important for optimal health and may even prevent and treat chronic diseases.

Here are 9 health benefits of vitamin B6, backed by science:

1. May improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression
2. May promote brain health and reduce Alzheimer’s risk
3. May prevent and treat anemia by aiding hemoglobin production
4. May be useful in treating symptoms of PMS
5. May help treat nausea during pregnancy
6. May prevent clogged arteries and reduce heart disease risk
7. May help prevent cancer
8. May promote eye health and prevent eye diseases
9. May treat inflammation associated with Rheumatoid arthritis

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Vitamin B2 refers to the molecule known as riboflavin, which is a vitamin that produces two cofactors abbreviated as FAD and FMN.

Some proteins in the body are dependent on these cofactors to function optimally. Dietary riboflavin is the sole provider of FAD and FMN for these enzymes, which are called flavoproteins since FAD and FMN are 'flavins' and work in concert with these proteins. Health benefits of Vitamin B2 include

1. Anti-inflammatory: Riboflavin shows anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Cognitive function: Higher dietary intake of riboflavin is associated with better cognitive performance.
3. Bone health: B2 and other B vitamins play a protective role in bone health. 
4. Liver health: Riboflavin may be used as a liver protective agent from liver toxins.

Effects of riboflavin on pro-inflammatory TNF-α production in whole blood of different experimental groups.

Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B1): Thiamine was the first B vitamin that scientists discovered, which is why it’s called B1. Vitamin B1 is an essential nutrient that all tissues of the body need to function properly and is involved heavily in glucose production.

Like other B vitamins, thiamine is water-soluble and helps the body turn food into energy. You can find it in foods, individual supplements, and multivitamins. The body needs thiamine to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which transports energy within cells.

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12): Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential vitamin that your body needs but cannot produce. It’s found naturally in animal products, but is also added to certain foods and available as an oral supplement or injection. 

Vitamin B12 has many roles in your body and it supports the normal function of your nerve cells. It is necessary for red blood cell formation and DNA synthesis. Vitamin B12 benefits your body in impressive ways, such as boosting your energy, improving your memory, and helping prevent heart disease.

Here are 9 science-backed health benefits of vitamin B12:

1. Helps With Red Blood Cell Formation and Anemia Prevention
2. May Prevent Major Birth Defects
3. May Support Bone Health and Prevent Osteoporosis
4. May Reduce Your Risk of Macular Degeneration
5. May Improve Mood and Symptoms of Depression
6. May Benefit Your Brain by Preventing the Loss of Neurons
7. May Give You an Energy Boost
8. May Improve Heart Health by Decreasing Homocysteine
9. Supports Healthy Hair, Skin and Nails

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3): Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that promotes the absorption of calcium, regulates bone growth, and plays a role in immune function. 

Your skin produces vitamin D when it’s exposed to sunlight. However, if you spend most of your time indoors or live at a high latitude, you’ll need to get this vitamin from your diet. Good dietary sources include fatty fish, fish oils, egg yolk, butter, and liver. 

Vitamin D2 and D3 are not equal when it comes to increasing your body’s stores of vitamin D. Both are effectively absorbed into the bloodstream. However, the liver metabolizes them differently. The liver metabolizes vitamin D2 into 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and vitamin D3 into 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. These two compounds are collectively known as calcifediol. 

Calcifediol is the main circulating form of vitamin D, and its blood levels reflect your body’s stores of this nutrient. Most studies show that vitamin D3 is more effective than vitamin D2 at raising blood levels of calcifediol.

Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E Acetate): Alpha-tocopheryl acetate (ATA) is a specific form of vitamin E that’s often found in skincare products and dietary supplements. It’s also known as tocopheryl acetate, tocopherol acetate, or vitamin E acetate.

Vitamin E is known for its antioxidant properties. Antioxidants help to protect your body from damaging compounds called free radicals. Normally, free radicals form when your body converts food into energy. However, free radicals can also come from UV light, cigarette smoke, and air pollution. 

In nature, vitamin E comes in the form of tocopheryl or tocotrienol. Both tocopheryl and tocotrienol have four forms, known as alpha, beta, gamma, and delta.

Alpha-tocopheryl (AT) is the most active form of vitamin E in humans. ATA is more stable than AT, meaning it can better withstand environmental stresses such as heat, air, and light. This makes it ideal for use in supplements and fortified foods because it has a longer shelf life.

Phytonadione (Vitamin K1): Vitamin K is a group of fat-soluble vitamins that share similar chemical structures. Although there are several different types of vitamin K, the two most often found in the human diet are vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. 

Vitamin K1, also called phylloquinone, is mostly found in plant foods like leafy green vegetables. It makes up about 75–90% of all vitamin K consumed by humans. The main function of all types of vitamin K is to activate proteins that serve important roles in blood clotting, heart health, and bone health.

Magnesium: Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in your body, and your body does not work properly without it. Magnesium is essential for hundreds of metabolic processes and other important bodily functions — from producing energy to building important proteins like your DNA.

The health benefits of magnesium include the following:

• - Can reduce blood pressure: Studies show that people with high blood pressure may experience improvements when supplementing with magnesium.
• - May improve mood: Some studies link low levels of magnesium with depression. Research shows that for those deficient in magnesium, supplementing the mineral can be as effective in treating depression as a pharmaceutical antidepressant. 
• - May benefit blood sugar control: Magnesium plays a crucial role in insulin and glucose metabolism. Many people with Type 2 Diabetes — a condition impacting blood sugar control — are deficient in this nutrient
• - May reduce heart disease risk: Low levels of magnesium have been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. This may be because low levels of this mineral negatively affect risk factors for heart disease like blood sugar control and blood pressure. Research shows magnesium positively affects some heart disease risk factors in people with Type 2 Diabetes by lowering blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and fasting blood sugar.
• - May improve migraine: Low magnesium levels have been linked to migraines. Research shows people with migraines who took a daily supplement containing magnesium experience fewer and less intense migraine. 

Glyco-X^2TM (homo polysaccharide derived from Rice & Potato): Glyco-X is the first scientifically-proven, performance-enhancing drink on the market and is used by elite athletes for maximum performance.

The formula is tailored to increase concentration, time to exhaustion and hydration. The blood sugar-stabilizing quality of Glyco-X allows people to stay energized and focused over long periods of exertion. 

The success of Glyco-X is tested and published scientific research. Glyco-X is specifically formulated for the requirements of different sports.

L-Citrulline: L-Citrulline is an amino acid that is turned into L-arginine in the kidneys after supplementation, meaning L-citrulline supplementation is a more effective method of increasing L-arginine levels in the body than L-arginine supplementation. 

Taking L-Citrulline increases plasma levels of ornithine and arginine, while improving the ammonia recycling process and nitric oxide metabolism. Consequently, it is used in areas where nitric oxide is relevant, namely erectile dysfunction caused by high blood pressure, athletic performance, and cardiovascular health.

There are very few foods that have notable amounts of citrulline. 

Benefits to your health from L-Citrulline include:

• - Help your blood vessels widen
• - May reduce blood pressure
• - Can increase rise in growth hormone (GH) after exercise

Leucine: Leucine is an amino acid that is regularly taken as a supplement. It is essential to the body, meaning that it cannot be produced and is needed to survive. Hence, leucine must be provided through food intake or supplements.

Leucine is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA). The other two BCAAs are valine and isoleucine, with leucine the most promising of the three when used as a bodybuilding supplement.

Leucine increases energy and protein (therefore, muscle) production, which is a clear indication of its use as a bodybuilding supplement.

Health benefits of leucine include:

1. Increases energy production.
2. Improves muscles
3. Increases the amount of protein (see figure below)
4. May increase strength
5. May increase longevity
6. Reduces the risk of hardening of the arteries (Atherosclerosis) (see figure below)
7. May help with obesity

Fig: mTOR protein phosphorylation in arbitrary unit (AU) in the control group (C), treated with leucine (L), denervated (D), and denervated treated with leucine (DL). Values are mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), n = 6. ^*p < 0.05 compared to C, ^#p < 0.05 compared to D; ~p < 0.05 compared to L.

Glutamine: Glutamine is an important amino acid with many functions in the body. Glutamine plays an important role in immune function. However, during illness or injury, the body may not be able to produce enough of it.

Glutamine supplements may help improve immune function and preserve protein stores in the body. Your intestines are a major part of your immune system. Glutamine is an energy source for intestinal and immune cells. It also helps maintain the barrier between the intestines and the rest of your body and aids with proper growth of intestinal cells.

There is some research reporting that glutamine supplements may decrease muscle soreness and improve recovery after intense exercise.

Fig: Changes in concentric knee extensor peak torque at 180°/sec following a bout of eccentric exercise expressed as a percentage of pre-exercise (Pre) values for the entire sample (A) and separated between men (B) and women (C). *p ≤ .01 versus pre-exercise for both supplement conditions; Data from the placebo condition are represented by open circles. Data from the L-Glutamine condition are represented by the black filled circles.

Beta-Alanine: Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid. Unlike most amino acids, it is not used by your body to synthesize proteins. Instead, together with histidine, it produces carnosine.

Carnosine is then stored in your skeletal muscles reducing lactic acid accumulation in your muscles during exercise, which leads to improved athletic performance. In your muscles, histidine levels are normally high and beta-alanine levels low, which limits the production of carnosine. 

Supplementing with beta-alanine has been shown to elevate carnosine levels in muscles by 80%.

This is how carnosine acts during exercise:

• - Glucose is broken down: Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose, which is the main source of fuel during high-intensity exercise.
• - Lactate is produced: As you exercise, your muscles break glucose down into lactic acid. This is converted into lactate, which produces hydrogen ions (H+).
• - Muscles become more acidic: The hydrogen ions reduce the pH level in your muscles, making them more acidic.
• - Fatigue sets in: Muscle acidity blocks glucose breakdown and reduces your muscles' ability to contract, causing fatigue.
• - Carnosine buffer: Carnosine serves as a buffer against the acid, reducing the acidity in muscles during high-intensity exercise.

Since beta-alanine supplements increase carnosine levels, they help your muscles reduce their acid levels during exercise and lessen overall fatigue.

L-Isoleucine: Isoleucine is one of the three branched-chain amino acids alongside both leucine and valine. Relative to the other two BCAAs, isoleucine is intermediate for its ability to induce muscle protein synthesis (stronger than valine, but much weaker than leucine).  It significantly increases glucose uptake and the usage of glucose during exercise. Isoleucine does not promote glycogen synthesis, however.

Via a PI3K/aPKC dependent mechanism (which is notable since this is neither mediated by the more common AMPK mechanism seen with supplements like berberine nor muscle contraction-mediated uptake) isoleucine can increase glucose uptake into a muscle cell.

Leucine also appears to have this ability, but due to leucine stimulating a protein known as S6K (required for protein synthesis) leucine reduces its own efficacy by hindering insulin-stimulated uptake. In other words, while isoleucine and leucine both stimulate glucose uptake, leucine then shoots itself in the foot and hinders itself while isoleucine acts in a predictable and linear manner.

Although extensive human testing has not been conducted yet, isoleucine can be seen as the BCAA which mediates glucose uptake (into a cell) and breakdown (into energy) to a larger degree than other amino acids and may serve a role as a hypoglycemic (in diabetics) or as a performance enhancer (if taken pre-workout in a carbohydrate replete state).

L-Valine: Valine is one of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) alongside leucine and isoleucine. In isolation, there is currently no significant benefit of valine supplementation that cannot be replicated by either leucine or isoleucine supplementation. The possession of a 'branched chain' itself confers some bioactivity, but this is shared to a degree between all of the BCAAs.

This may simply be due to lack of evidence, as many times when valine is researched it is in studies that merely want to test the effects of a branched-chain amino acid (and valine is randomly used) and the bioactivity of valine has not been frequently investigated.

It seems to be more similar to leucine than it is to isoleucine, but the transient state of insulin resistance occurs faster than with leucine (isoleucine causes glucose uptake) while the muscle-building effects of valine are likely less than both leucine and isoleucine.

Creatine Monohydrate: Creatine is the most studied sports supplement ever created and its benefits stretch far beyond muscle building.

Betaine Anhydrous: Betaine anhydrous is a chemical that occurs naturally in the body. It can also be found in foods such as beets, spinach, cereals, seafood, and wine. 

Betaine anhydrous is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of high urine levels of a chemical called homocysteine (homocystinuria) in people with certain inherited disorders.

High homocysteine levels are associated with heart disease, weak bones (osteoporosis), skeletal problems, and eye lens problems. Betaine anhydrous supplements are most commonly used for reducing blood homocysteine levels and improving athletic performance.

Here are 5 health benefits of betaine anhydrous:

1. Betaine improves exercise performance. Research shows it increases power and strength, improves endurance and reduces fatigue.
2. Betaine improves body composition. Research shows it enhances body composition in strength-trained men.
3. Betaine protects the heart: A high blood homocysteine level is a risk factor for heart disease. TMG supplementation lowers homocysteine levels in the blood, which can potentially protect the heart.
4. Betaine helps treat and prevent diabetes: Betaine blood levels are associated with insulin sensitivity. Individuals with lower TMG levels are more likely to have insulin resistance.
5. Betaine has antioxidant effects: When betaine donates a methyl group, it helps produce S-adenosylmethionine, an antioxidant. Betaine also increases glutathione, another powerful antioxidant.

Fig: The effect of betaine (BET) on hepatic reactive oxygene species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) levels in ethanol plus carbon tetrachloride (ETH + CCl 4 )-treated rats (Mean ± SD; n = 6 for control and BET groups, n = 8 for other groups). a p < 0.05 as compared to control; b p < 0.05 ETH + CCl 4 + BET vs ETH + CCl 4 group.

Glycerol powder: Offering next-level hydration in a uniquely optimized blend.

Beta Vulgaris (Beet Root Extract): Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) is a root vegetable also known as red beet, table beet, garden beet, or just beet.  Packed with essential nutrients, beetroots are a great source of fiber, folate (vitamin B9), manganese, potassium, iron, and vitamin C.

Beetroots and beetroot juice have been associated with numerous health benefits, including improved blood flow, lower blood pressure, and increased exercise performance.

Many of these benefits are due to their high content of inorganic nitrates.  Here are some benefits of beetroot for heart health and exercise performance:

• - Lower blood pressure: Studies show that beetroots and their juice can reduce blood pressure by up to 3–10 mm Hg over a period of a few hours.  Such effects are likely due to increased levels of nitric oxide, which causes your blood vessels to relax and dilate.
• - Increased exercise capacity: Numerous studies suggest that nitrates can enhance physical performance, particularly during high-intensity endurance exercise. Dietary nitrates have been shown to reduce oxygen use during physical exercise by affecting the efficiency of mitochondria; the cell organs responsible for producing energy.  Beets and their juice are often used for this purpose because of their high inorganic nitrate content.  Consumption of beetroots may improve running and cycling performance, increase stamina, boost oxygen use, and lead to better exercise performance overall.

L-Lysine: Lysine is a building block for protein. It’s an essential amino acid because your body cannot make it, so you need to obtain it from food. 

It’s important for normal growth and muscle turnover and is used to form carnitine, a substance found in most cells of your body. What’s more, it helps transport fats across your cells to be burned for energy. 

L-lysine is the form of lysine your body can utilize. It’s naturally found in food and is the type used in supplements.

Here are 4 impressive health benefits of lysine:

1. May Protect Against and Treat Cold Sores by Blocking Arginine
2. May Reduce Anxiety by Blocking Stress Response Receptors
3. May Improve Calcium Absorption and Retention
4. Can Promote Wound Healing by Helping Create Collagen

L-Threonine: Threonine is a principal part of structural proteins such as collagen and elastin, which are important components of the skin and connective tissue. It also plays a role in fat metabolism and immune function.

L-Methionine: Methionine is a unique amino acid. It contains sulfur and can produce other sulfur-containing molecules in the body. It is also involved in starting protein production in your cells. 

For example, this amino acid starts the process of producing new proteins in your muscles after an exercise session that damages them. One of the major roles of methionine in the body is that it can be used to produce other important molecules. It is involved in the production of cysteine, the other sulfur-containing amino acid used to build proteins in the body. 

Cysteine can, in turn, create a variety of molecules, including proteins, glutathione and taurine. Glutathione is sometimes called the “master antioxidant” due to its critical role in the defenses of your body. It also plays a role in the metabolism of nutrients in the body and the production of DNA and proteins.

L-Phenylalanine: Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid that is used to produce proteins and signaling molecules. It has been studied as a treatment for several medical conditions but is dangerous for those with a specific genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU).  

Your body needs phenylalanine and other amino acids to make proteins.  Many important proteins are found in your brain, blood, muscles, internal organs, and virtually everywhere else in your body.

What’s more, phenylalanine is crucial for the production of other molecules, including:

• - Tyrosine: This amino acid is produced directly from phenylalanine. It can be used to make new proteins or converted into other molecules on this list.
• - Epinephrine and norepinephrine: When you encounter stress, these molecules are vital for your body’s “fight or flight” response.
• - Dopamine: This molecule is involved in feelings of pleasure in your brain, as well as forming memories and learning skills.

L-Tryptophan: Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that serves several important purposes, like nitrogen balance in adults and growth in infants. It also creates niacin, which is essential in creating the neurotransmitter serotonin. 

There are a number of health benefits from the naturally-occurring tryptophan found in foods. Most of these health benefits come from the potential increase of niacin and thus serotonin.

The benefits of more serotonin include:

• - Promoting healthier and better quality sleep
• - Relief from depression and anxiety
• - Increased emotional well-being
• - Managing pain tolerance

Histidine: Histidine is used to produce histamine, a neurotransmitter that is vital to immune response, digestion, sexual function, and sleep-wake cycles.

Histidine is required for the growth and repair of tissues, red blood cell production, and protecting tissues from damage from radiation and heavy metals.

It is especially necessary for the formation of myelin sheaths, which are layers surrounding nerves that enables faster transmission of signals to the brain. 

Health benefits of histidine include:

• - May protect the heart
• - May reduce blood pressure
• - Antioxidant effects
• - May reduce inflammation
• - May improve brain function

Bioperine^TM (Black Pepper Fruit Extract): Bioperine is the active ingredient in black pepper that contributes to that unique spice you taste. Black pepper has long been regarded as beneficial to one’s health throughout history.

Now with the help of modern science and clinical research, more Piperine benefits are being discovered. Here are just several of those science-backed health benefits of black pepper extract. 

• - High in antioxidants: Black pepper is rich in a potent antioxidant called piperine, which may help prevent free radical damage to your cells.
• - Has anti-inflammatory properties: Chronic inflammation may be an underlying factor in many conditions, such as arthritis, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Many laboratory studies suggest that piperine — the main active compound in black pepper — may effectively fight inflammation.
• - May benefit your brain: Piperine has been shown to improve brain function in animal studies. In particular, it has demonstrated potential benefits for symptoms related to degenerative brain conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.
• - Boosts absorption of nutrients: Black pepper may increase the absorption of essential nutrients like calcium and selenium, as well some beneficial plant compounds, such as those found in green tea and turmeric.

If you're ready to step your training up another level, ADA BOLIC is here. We've got an entire lineup of incredible flavors to choose from👇🏼!

References:

Vitamin C References:

• Int J Biomed Sci. 2008 Jun;4(2):89-96.
• Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress before and after Vitamin C Supplementation in International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Helaine M. Alessio, Allan H. Goldfarb and Guohua Cao
• J Am Coll Nutr. 2003 Jun;22(3):208-16.
• Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2002 Dec;80(12):1199-202.
• Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1461S-1467S
• Clin Nutr. 2005 Dec;24(6):979-87
• J Nutr Health Aging. 2007 May-Jun;11(3):230-7

Biotin References:

• J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012 Nov; 5(11): 28–34

Vitamin B5 References:

• Ideggyogy Sz. 2009 Jul 30;62(7-8):220-9
• Altern Med Rev. 1999 Aug;4(4):249-65

Vitamin B3 References:

• Int J Tryptophan Res. 2017; 10:
• Int J Dermatol 2004 Jan: 43(1):1-5

Vitamin B6 References:

• National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements
• Molecules.  2010 Jan 20;15(1):442-59
• Psychother Psychosom 2004 Nov-Dec;73(6): 340-3

Riboflavin References:

• Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Oct 10;547(1-3):184-91
• Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1):20-9.
• Nutrients. 2015 May; 7(5): 3322–3346.
• Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Aug;21(2):383-8

Vitamin B12 References:

• Food Nutr Bull. 2008 Jun;29(2 Suppl):S101-11; discussion S112-5.
• Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009 Sep;280(3):381-7
• Arch Intern Med. 2009 Feb 23; 169(4): 335–341.
• Open Neurol J. 2013; 7: 44–48.
• Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Apr;103(4):1045-54
• PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30519.
• Front Public Health. 2014 Aug 6;2:112
• Can Fam Physician. 2008 Apr; 54(4): 529–532

Vitamin D3 References:

• Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jun;95(6):1357-64

Vitamin K References:

• Br J Nutr. 2013 Oct;110(8):1357-68

Magnesium References:

• Nutrients. 2015 Sep 23;7(9):8199-226
• Physiol Rev. 2015 Jan;95(1):1-46
• J Hum Hypertens. 2009 Apr;23(4):245-51
• Magnes Res. 2016 Mar 1;29(3):112-119.
• Magnes Res. 2008 Dec;21(4):218-23.
• Nutr J. 2017; 16: 60
• Nutrients. 2018 Feb; 10(2): 168
• J Hum Nutr Diet. 2017 Oct;30(5):621-633
• Nutrients. 2015 Sep; 7(9): 8199–8226.
• J Headache Pain. 2015;16:516

Glyco-X References:

• J Hum Kinet. 2012 Oct; 34: 69–79

Leucine References:

• Arch Biochem Biophys. 1984 Aug 15;233(1):10-8.
• Front Physiol. 2015 Mar 18;6:73
• Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2011 Mar;6(1):38-50
• Nutr Metab (Lond). 2011 Dec 20;8:91
• Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016 Feb;37(2):196-203
• Diabetes. 2007 Jun;56(6):1647-54

Glutamine References:

• Amino Acids. 1999;17(3):227-41
• Anesth Analg. 2009 Aug;109(2):502-5
• Yonsei Med J. 2011 Nov;52(6):892-7
• Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015 Oct;25(5):417-26

Beta-Alanine References:

• J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Nov;103(5):1736-43
• Amino Acids. 2012 Jul; 43(1): 25–37.

L-Isoleucine References:

• Doi M, et al. Isoleucine, a potent plasma glucose-lowering amino acid, stimulates glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2003)

L-Valine References:

• Exp Neurol. 2010 Nov;226(1):218-30

Betaine References:

• J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Aug;31(8):2338-2346
• J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Dec;25(12):3461-71.
• J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013; 10: 39
• J Nutr. 2003 May;133(5):1291-5.
• Diabetes. 2016 Apr; 65(4): 902–912.
• Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2009 Mar;79(2):79-8
• Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016 Jul;45:170-8

Hydromax^TM References:

• J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 Dec 17;9(1):55
• Sports Med. 2007;37(11):981-1000
• Life Sci. 1995;57(7):645-53.
• Int J Sports Med. 1996 Jan;17(1):27-33.
• J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2011 Dec 16;8(1):24

Beet Root Extract References:

• Hypertension. 2008 Mar;51(3):784-90
• Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 51, Issue 4, 15 August 2011, Pages 795-804
• Cell Metab. 2011 Feb 2;13(2):149-59
• J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 Apr;112(4):548-52

L-Lysine References:

• Altern Med Rev. 2005 Jun;10(2):123-7
• Biomed Res. 2007 Apr;28(2):85-90.
• Nutrition. 1992 Nov-Dec;8(6):400-5.
• Ann Ital Chir. 1996 Jan-Feb;67(1):77-82; discussion 82-3.

L-Methionine References:

• Sports Med. 2014 May;44 Suppl 1:S71-7
• J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011 Feb; 34(1): 17–32.
• Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2015 Sep-Oct; 12(5): 389–405.
• J Nutr. 2004 Mar;134(3):489-92.

L-Phenylalanine References:

• J Nutr. 2007 Jun;137(6 Suppl 1):1539S-1547S
• Biochemistry. 5th edition
• Compr Physiol. 2015 Jan;5(1):1-15
• J Nutr. 2007 Jun;137(6 Suppl 1):1539S-1547S

L-Tryptophan References:

• Psychiatry Res. 1998 Feb 27;77(3):167-74.
• Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 May;64:346-58

Histidine References:

• Microb Biotechnol. 2014 Jan; 7(1): 5–25
• Braz J Med Biol Res. 2016; 49(6): e5208
• Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2010 Jan;37(1):62-8
• Diabetologia. 2013 May;56(5):985-94
• Br J Nutr. 2012 Jul 14;108(1):57-61
• Physiol Behav. 2015 Aug 1;147:238-44

Bioperine^TM References:

• Redox Rep. 2004;9(2):105-10
• J Transl Med. 2018 Jan 25;16(1):14
• J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Apr;9(4):FF01-4
• Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013;53(9):875-86